Stubble burning a choice or helplessness: A review

f/sla from learner perspectives: a social activity or a cognitive process

in the past couple of decades sociocultural theory of sla and its implications in efl contexts have attracted attentions of research circles worldwide and aroused some controversies. firth and wagner (1997) have questioned the principles of the cognitive view which gives importance to mental constructs in favor of sociocultural view which highlights social and contextual constructs. but if soci...

Oral Lichen Planus or Oral Lichenoid Reaction? A Literature Review

Background and Aim: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, inflammatory, T-cell-mediated autoimmune oral mucosal disease. Oral lichenoid lesions develop as a type IV hypersensitivity reaction. Both of these entities are potential precancerous conditions; this adds to their clinical significance. The purpose of this literature review was to detect the similarities and the differences of these le...

Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Brief Review

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS), a chronic and intractable orofacial pain syndrome is characterized by the presence of burning sensation of the oral mucosa in the absence of specific oral lesion. In addition to burning sensation, patient with BMS also complains of oral mucosal pain, altered taste sensation, and dry mouth. It is observed principally in middle-aged patients and postmenopausal women....

LEARNED HELPLESSNESS Learned Helplessness

Learned Helplessness is an important concept to understand because it provides a foundation in theory developments. This concept is considered a personality trait of one who feels hopeless; their responses are unimportant and lose control of external environment. Understanding the definition will help health professionals in nursing and psychology. In both disciplines, understanding learned hel...

Book Review: Starting or Strengthening a Drug Bulletin - A Practical Manual